Engine.



No. 802,384. PATBNTED UGT. 24, 1905. 0. FEM, SR. ENGINE.

APPLIUATION FILED SBP'1.12. 1904.

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No. 802,384. PATENTED 00124, 1905. G. PERO, SR. ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT12. 1904.

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CHARLES FERO, SR., OF BAY CITY, IVIICHIGr-AN` ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JACOB I). BENDER, OF VWEST BAY CITY, MICHIGAN.

ENGINE..

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 2a, 1905.

Application tiledv September l2, 1904. Serial No. 224,197.

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Be it known that I, CHARLES Fiano, Sr., a citizen of the United States, residing at Bay City, in the county of Bay and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Engines; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ot' the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appcrtains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in engines, and particularly to marine engines.

The object of the invention is to provide an engine of this character by which the entire vexpansive power of the steam is utilized.

A further object is to provide an engine of this character which may be stopped, started, or .reversed from either side.

Another object is to provide means whereby the pressure of steam Whichvis ordinarily exerted upon the cylinder-heads is utilized to aid in turning' the crank-shaft.

Still another object is to provide an antii'rictional bearing between the connectingrods and the cranks on the drive-shaft.

I/Vith these and other objects in view the invention consists of certain novel features of construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, as will be more llully described, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical longitudinal sectional View of a marine engine constructed in accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the engine. Fig. 3 is a detail vertical transverse sectional view through one of the slidevalves. Fig. 4. is a detail sectional view through the end of one of the connecting-rods, showing the manner of connecting said rods with the cranks of the drive-shaft.

In the embodiment of the invention I provide an upright engine consisting of a supporting-frame l, in the lower end of which is journaled a drive-shaft 2. In the upper end i of the frame .is arranged a centrally-disposed main cylinder 3, and on each side ot' the same are arranged auxiliary cylinders ZI, which are ot' considerably less diameter than the main cylinder 3. On the outer side of the cylinders 4 are arranged cylindrical valve-chambers 5.

In the main cylinder 3 are adapted to work three pistons 6, 7, and 8, the pistons 6 and 8 of which are spaced apart and connected to a centrally-disposed piston-rod 9, which is adapted to pass through a centrally-disposed packed opening in the piston 7. The piston 7 is connected to the ends oi' two piston-rods l0, which are arranged on each side of the rod 9 and pass through packed openings in the piston 8. In the cylinder t are arranged combined pistons and valves 12, which are connected to piston-rods I3. In the valve-chambers 5 are arranged hollow reciprocating valves la, to which are connected downwardly-projecting valve-stems 15.

The piston-rod 9 projects through a stuiiingbox I6 in the lower end of the cylinder 3 and is connected at its lower end to a cross-head I7, which is slidably mounted in a guideway I8, arranged in the Yframe l below the cylinders, and to said cross-head is pivotally connected the upper end oi a connecting-rod I9. The piston-rods l0 project through stuiiingboxes 20, also formed in the lower end oi' the cylinder 3, and are connected to cross-heads 2l, which are slidably mounted in guideways 22, arranged in the trame I adjacent to the guideway 18, and to said cross-heads 2l are pivotally connected the upper ends of connecting-rods 21. The piston-rods I3 pass through stuiIing-boxes 23 in the lower ends oi' the cylinders A and are connected to crossheads 24, which are slidably mounted in guideways 25, which are arranged in the frame 1, and to said cross-heads are pivotally connected the upper ends of connectingrods 28.

The valve-stems l5 project downwardly through guide-passages in the frame l and have formed on their lower ends laterally-projecting headed pins or bolts 29, with which are adapted to be removably connected eccentric-rods 30, the opposite ends of which are connected to the straps of eccentrics 3l, which are mounted on the drive-shaft 2.

On the lower end of the connecting-rod I9 is formed an antit'rictional bearing 32, by which said rod is connected to a centrallydisposed crank 33, formed on the drive-shaft 2. On the lower ends oi: the connecting-rods 21 are formed similar bearings 32, by which said rods are connected with cranks 34E, formed on the drive-shaft 2, the cranks 33 and 3a being disposed diamctrically opposite each other. lIhe connecting-rods 28 oi thc valve-pistons l2 are also provided at their lower ends with IOO antifrictional bearings 32, by which the same are connected to cranks 35 on the drive-shaft. The upper ends ot' the connecting-rods 30, which are engaged with the pins or bolts 29, have formed therein notches or recesses 36, by which the rods 3() may be connected to said pins or bolts 29.

vIn the side walls of the main cylinder and communicating between the same and the auxiliary cylinders 3 are formed pairs of ports 38 and 39, said pairs of ports serving alternately as inlet and exhaust ports, the ports 38 admitting and discharging` steam to and from the space between the pistons 7 and 8, while the ports 39 admit and discharge steam to and from the space between the pistons 6 and 7.

In the wall of the cylinders 4 opposite to the ports 38 and 39 are formed ports 40 and 41, which are arranged near the ends of said cylinder and also serve to alternately admit and discharge steam to and from the cylinders 4. In the cylinders 4 are also formed main-cylinder exhaust-ports 42, through which the exhausted steam from the main cylinder is discharged, the pistons 12 being provided with an annular depression or recess between the ends or heads of the same, thereby forming with the walls of the cylinder an annular space 43, which, as the pistons 12 are reciprocated in the cylinders 4, will alternately communicate with the ports 38 and 39, and when in communication with the same will receive the exhausted steam from between the pistons of the main cylinders and permit it to discharge through the dischargeports 42. The hollow cylindrical sliding valves 14 in the cylinders 5 are adapted to alternately cover and uncover the ports 40 and 41, thereby controlling the admission and discharge of steam to the cylinder 4.

In each of the valve-cylinders 5 is formed a main steam-inlet passage 44 and a dischargepassage 45, through which exhaust-steam from each end of the cylinder 4 is adapted to pass. Y

Assuming' the engine to be in the position shown in Fig. 1, wherein the pistons 7 and 8 are at their nearest approach and forming between themselves a narrow steam-space with which the ports 38 communicate, said ports are at this time inlet-ports. Steam is supposed to be entering the valve-chambers 5 on each side of the engine thro ugh the main inletports 44 at one end of the chambers and from thence passes through the hollow valves 14 to the opposite end of the chambers, the valves 14 being' at this time in position to close the ports 41 and open the ports 40, through which latter ports the steam now passes into the cylinders 4, the pistons 12 in said cylinders 4 being in position to open the ports 38, thereby permitting the steam to pass from the cylinders 4 into cylinder 3 between the pistons 7 and 8, where it expands against said pistons, forcing rectly into this end of the cylinders 4.

the piston 7 upwardly toward the piston 6 and the piston 8 downwardly toward the lower end of the cylinder. 'Ihe pistons 8 and 6 being fixed on the same piston rod will of course move together. Thus when the piston 8 is moved downwardly the piston 6 will also move downwardly or toward the piston 7, said pistons 6 and7 approaching' each other until they are nearly engaged, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, thereby forminga contracted space opposite to and with which the ports 39 willcommunicate. When the pistons 12 are in position to permit the steam in the Y cylinders 4 to pass out of the ports 38 and into the space between the pistons 7 and 8, the ports 39 will be uncovered by the pistons 12, so as to connect the space in the cylinder 3 between the pistons 6 and 7 with the space 43 between the ends of the pistons 12, thereby permitting the steam from the space between the pistons 6 and 7 to exhaust into the space 43 as said pistons come together. This exhausted steam after passing into the space 43 is discharged through the discharg'e-ports 42. l/Vhen the pistons 8, 7, and 6 in the main cylinders have been moved by the steam to the dotted-line positions, as just described, the eccentric disks 31 on the drive-shaft will have shifted the valves 14.-through the connecting-rods 30 to cover the inlet-valve 40, so that live steam cannot pass through the same, this port being now in communication with an exhaust-steam space 46, formed around the valves 14, similar to the exhaust-steam spaces formed around the valves 12 and with which spaces 46 are connected with the dischargeports 45. Vl/Vhen the valves 14 have been thus shifted to cover the ports 40, the ports 4l at the opposite ends of the same will be uncovered, thereby permitting the live steam which enters at this end of the valvechambers through the main supply-ports 44 to pass @lli- 'I e pistons 12 in said cylinders having by this time been shifted to uncover' the ports 39, the live steam will enter the cylinder 3 through these ports and will pass between the cylinders 6 and 7, which have been brought together opposite said ports, as previously described, and will expand, thereby Jforcing the same apart and back to their former position, wherein the first-described movements will be repeated, thus driving' the engine. As the pistons 12 move downwardly to uncover the ports 39 the ports 38 will be thereby covered and connected with the steam-exhaust spaces around the pistons 12, whereby the exhausted steam Jfrom between the pistons 7 and 8 in the main cylinder is permitted to exhaust through the discharge-ports 42, this movement of the pistons 12 alternately transforming the ports 38 and 39 from inlet to exhaust ports, while the shifting ot' the valves 14 alternately transform the ports 4() and 41 into inlet and exhaust ports to admit and discharge steam IOO IIO

from the opposite ends ot' the cylinders 4, as hereinbefore described.

Pivotally mounted in the upper end of the frame 1 are hand-levers 50, the inner ends ot which are pivotally connected with the stems of the Valves 14, whereby said valves may be manually operated to start. stop, or reverse the movement ot' the engine. When the valves 14 are thus manually operated by the levers at either side of the engine, the" eccentricrod 30 should be disconnected or unhooked from the pin or bolt 29 on the stem of the valves operated thereby until after the engine has been started or reversed, when said eccentric-rod will again be connected with the valve-stem, so that the movement o't' the valve will be continued by the eccentrics on the drive-shaft.

Pivotally connected to the piston-rods 13 of the piston-valves 12 are connecting-bars 51, which are adapted to be swung into and out oi' engagement with flanged collars 52, secured to the valve-stems 15, whereby said piston-rods and valve-stems may be connected together' to cause the slide-valves 14 and pistons 12 to move in unison. During the normal operation of the engine the arms 51 are disconnected from the valve-stems 15, and the latter are connected to the eccentric 30. The throw ci' the eccentrics 31, wh-ich normally operate the valves 14, is considerably less than that ot' the cranks 35. Vhen getting under way, it is necessary to move the valves 14 to the maximum extent. Hence under these conditions they are connected to the valves 12 by the arms 51 and disconnected from the eccentrics 31; but when the engine is to be run under normal conditions and with the greatest possible economy the Valves 14 are disconnected from the valves 12 and connected to and operated by the eccentrics 31 to cut otf the valve 14 at partial stroke otl the piston-valve to employ the steam expansively, as will be understood.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying' drawings, the construction and operation of the invention will be readily understood without requiring a more extended explanation.

Various changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the principle or saeriiicing any of the advantages ot' this invention.

Having thus described my invention, what l claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an engine ot' the class described, the combination with a main cylinder, ot' auxiliary cylinders connecting with said main cylinder through inlet and exhaust ports, multiple opposing pistons arranged in said main cylinder, piston-valves arranged in said auxiliary cylinders whereby the inlet and exhaust ot' steam to and from said main cylinder is controlled,

piston-rods connected to the pistons in said main and auxiliary cylinders, a drive shaft, cranks formed on said d rive-shaft, connectingrods connecting said cranks with the pistonrods of pistons, and valves operated by said drive-shaft to control the inlet and exhaust ot' steam to said auxiliary cylinders, substantially as described.

2. ln an engine ot' the class described, the combination with a main cylinder, ot' auxiliary cylinders connecting with said main cylinder through inlet and exhaust ports, multiple opposing pistons arranged in said main cylinder, piston-valves arranged in said auxiliary cylinders whereby the inlet and exhaust of steam to and from said main cylinder is controlled, piston-rods connected to the pistons in said main and auxiliary cylinders, a drive-shaft, cranks formed on said drive-shaft, connectingrods connecting said cranks with the pistonrods ot' pistons, valve-cylinders connected with said auxiliary cylinders, through inlet and exhaust ports iormed therein, said cylinders having also Yformed therein steam supply and discharge ports, hollow reciprocating valves arranged in said cylinders, means whereby said valves may be connected with and operated by said d rive-shaft, substantially as described.

3. ln an engine of the class described, the combination with a main cylinder, ot' auxiliary cylinders connecting with said main cylinder through inlet and exhaust ports, multiple opposing pistons arranged in said main cylinder, piston-valves arranged in said auxiliary cylinders whereby the inlet and exhaust of steam to and from said main cylinder is controlled, piston-rods connected to the pistons in said main and auxiliary cylinders, a ,drive-shaft, cranks formed on said drive-shaft, connectingrods connecting' said cranks with the pistonrods oi' pistons, valve-cylinders connected with said auxiliary cylinders through inlet and exhaust ports formed therein, said cylinders having also formed therein steam supply and discharge ports hollow, reciprocating valves arranged in said cylinders, stems secured to said Valves, eccentrics mounted on said drive-shaft, eccentric-rods connected to said eccentrics, and means whereby the said rods may be detachably connected to the stems of said valves, substantially as described.

4. In an engine oi' the class described, the combination with a main cylinder, oitl auxiliary cylinders connecting with said main cylinder through inlet and exhaust ports, multiple, opposing pistons arranged in said main cylinder, piston-valves arranged in said auxiliary cylinders whereby the inlet and exhaust of steam to and from said main cylinder is controlled, piston-rods connected to the pistons in said main and auxiliary cylinders, a drive-shaft, cranks Vformed on said drive-shaft, connectingrods connecting said cranks with the pistonrods oi' the pistons, and valve-cylinders connected with said auxiliary cylinders through IOO IIO

inlet and exhaust ports formed therein, said cylinders having also formed therein steam supply and discharge ports hollow, reciprocating valves arranged in said cylinders, stems secured to said valves. eccentrics mounted on said drive-shaft, eccentric-rods connected to said eceentrics, said eccentric-rods being provided with notches whereby the same are den taehably connected with the stems of said valves and means whereby said valves may be manually operated to start, stop and reverse the engine, substantially as described.

5. ln an engine ot' the class described, the combination with a main cylinder, of auxiliary cylinders connecting with said main cylinder through inlet and exhaust ports, multiple opposing pistons arranged in said main cylind er, piston-valves arranged in said auxiliary cylinders whereby the inlet and exhaust of steam to and from said main cylinder is controlled, piston-rods connected to the pistons in said main and auxiliary cylinders, a drive-shaft, cranks formed on said drive-shaft, connecting'- rods connecting said cranks with the pistonrods of pistons, Valve-cylinders connected with said auxiliary cylinders through inlet and exhaust ports formed therein, said cylinders having also formed therein steam supply and discharge ports hollow, reciprocating' Valves arranged in said cylinders, stems secured to said valves, eecentrics mounted on said drive-shaft eccentric-rods connected to said eccentrics, said eccentric-rods being' provided with notches, whereby the same are detachably connected with the valve-stems of said valves, piyotally-mounted hand-levers connected to said valve-stems whereby said Valves may be manually operated to start, stop and reverse the engine and means whereby said valve-stems and auxiliary piston-rods 40 may be detachably connected together to cause said valves and pistons to move in unison, substantially as described.

6. In an engine ot' the class described, the

combination with a main cylinder, of auxiliary.

cylinders connecting with said main cylinder through inlet and exhaust ports, multiple opposing pistons arranged in said main cylinder, piston-valves arranged in said auxiliary cylinders whereby the inlet and exhaust of steam to and from said main cylinder is controlled, piston-rods connected to the pistons in said main and auxiliary cylinders, a drive-shaft, cranks formed on said drive-shaft, connectingrods connecting said cranks with the pistonrods of pistons, antit'rictional bearings formed in the connections between said connectingrods and cranks, and valves operated by said drive-shaft to control the inlet and exhaust of steam to said auxiliary cylinders,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof l have hereunto set my hand in presence et two subscribing wit- 

